why was henry vii called the winter king

He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. Poor Henry VII. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. His regime was magnificent, yet terrifying and oppressive. Before taking the throne, he was known as Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. Get help and learn more about the design. [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. Henry VII (28 January 1457 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. [45], Henry VII established the pound avoirdupois as a standard of weight; it later became part of the Imperial[46] and customary systems of units. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. 1845. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. Prince Arthur was born just eight months after his parents marriage, at Winchester, the seat of King Arthurs Camelot. Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. Henry VII was born in Pembroke Castle , Wales, on January 28 th, 1457. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. So 4 stars. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Possession of something the French King wanted also made the Duke of Brittany safer in his own duchy. [55] Since alum was mined in only one area in Europe (Tolfa, Italy), it was a scarce commodity and therefore especially valuable to its land holder, the Pope. I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. They were also in charge of various administrative duties, such as the checking of weights and measures. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. 4. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. He stabilised the government's finances by introducing several new taxes. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. Still, as Penn observes, the national sense of relief in 1509 was palpable. [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. Story's register still exists and, according to the 19th-century historian W.R.W. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. [a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. In 1485, history was about to be changed for ever by a man who was a refugee, a fugitive whod spent half his life on the run and with barely a claim to the throne: Henry Tudor. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. I couldn't even stay awake reading this. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. She was Edward's heir since the presumed death of her brothers, the Princes in the Tower, King Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Author Thomas Penn takes an extraordinary journey into the dark and chilling world of the first Tudor King, Henry VII. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. The King was heavily guarded. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. The expressive and evocative power of his writing, and the union of scholarship with artistry, are rare in modern historical writing. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Letters to relatives have an affectionate tone not captured by official state business, as evidenced by many written to his mother Margaret. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . After the Holy Roman Emperor . We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). [34], When the King's agents searched the property of William Stanley (Chamberlain of the Household, with direct access to Henry VII) they found a bag of coins amounting to around 10,000 and a collar of livery with Yorkist garnishings. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. [citation needed] The first was the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, abetted by Viscount Lovell, which collapsed without fighting. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. Lincoln was killed in battle and Henry was victorious. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Penn ended the programme by visiting the tombs of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York in Henrys chapel at Westminster Abbey, a chapel that remains at the heart of political life. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. It was 1501. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. His spies and informers were everywhere. He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. Both were survivors and as united in death as in life, as their tomb in Westminster Abbey illustrates. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. The rebellion was defeated and Lincoln killed at the Battle of Stoke. Backdating Henry's Reign. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. [38], Unlike his predecessors, Henry VII came to the throne without personal experience in estate management or financial administration. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. The last few years of his reign were ones of repression. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors.

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