Doug Ross wrote a memo advocating direct access in February. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? A joint project of Englands Manchester University, Ferranti Computers, and Plessey, Atlas comes online nine years after Manchesters computer lab begins exploring transistor technology. server. Computer Science. OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. The Nest Learning Thermostat is an early product made for the emerging Internet of Things, which envisages a world in which common everyday devices have network connectivity and can exchange information or be controlled. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. While many early digital computers were based on similar designs, such as the IAS and its copies, others are unique designs, like the CSIRAC. false. Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. Commodores Amiga 1000 is announced with a major event at New York's Lincoln Center featuring celebrities like Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the musical group Blondie. Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. ex..pentium, celeron, athlon. Xerox wasnt interested. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. Atari's 8-bit computers were influential in the arts, especially in the emerging DemoScene culture of the 1980s and '90s. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. His daughter named the new machine after the star Altair. Customers included US military as well as industry. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? What do sites such as edshelf, Learning List, What Works Clearinghouse, EdSurge Product Index, and Common Sense Education help teachers with? What productivity activity does infographic software best support? The TX-0 (Transistor eXperimental - 0) is the first general-purpose programmable computer built with transistors. You are designing a controller for a toaster oven. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. Since the release of the Macintosh in 1984, Apple has placed emphasis on high-resolution graphics and display technologies. Which software tool would be helpful for preparing a newsletter? Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. A computer could write it with a laser instead. Intel and Zilog introduced new microprocessors. Based around the Texas Instruments TMS 9900 microprocessor running at 3 MHz, the TI 99/4 has one of the fastest CPUs available in a home computer. Started in 1943, the ENIAC computing system was built by John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering of the University of Pennsylvania. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. Palm Inc., founded by Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins, originally created software for the Casio Zoomer personal data assistant. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? The popularity of 16-bit computers, such as the Hewlett-Packard 21xx series and the Data General Nova, led the way toward word lengths that were multiples of the 8-bit byte. The first IBM PC, formally known as the IBM Model 5150, was based on a 4.77 MHz Intel 8088 microprocessor and used Microsofts MS-DOS operating system. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABRE was inspired by IBMs earlier work on the SAGE air-defense system. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). Later revisions used the Z80 processor, which is the model pictured above that [The Byte . The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing by becoming the first PC to gain widespread adoption by industry. The Macintosh Portable was heavy, weighing sixteen pounds, and expensive (US$6,500). The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. These tools take over the task of doing arithmetic functions so that students can focus on higher level mathematics concepts Spreadsheet This software is sometimes credited with starting the "microcomputer revolution" in schools, since it was the first software package available for home computers. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. It was also repeatedly expanded and improved throughout its 13-year lifespan. What software was the first available for microcomputers? After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff receives funds to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State College (now University). The first of David Hilbert's 23 unsolved problems presented at the Paris conference of the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1900 involved the Continuum Hypothesis. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. 1945: Memex This is likely the first example of remote access computing. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. The RISC PC was used widely in UK broadcast television and in music production. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The first digital computer that could operate in real-time came out of Project Whirlwind, a initiative during World War II in which MIT worked with the U.S. Navy to develop a universal flight simulator. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet.. IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC). MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. Spreadsheet The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. What is a key technological infrastructure resource for online teaching? The TV Typewriter was used by many small television stations well in the 1990s. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. data. Wi-Fi DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. During World War II, the US Navy approaches the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about building a flight simulator to train bomber crews. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. After being successfully used for decades, NTDS was phased out in favor of the newer AEGIS system in the 1980s. Franklin was able to undercut Apple's pricing even while offering some features not available on the original. most important part of computer. They did. The notion of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the stored program concept to distinguish it from earlier methods of instructing a computer. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. -The Massive Open Online Course (M O O C). assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. Quizlet is the only app you need to study and learn. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Accept data (input) 2. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. One of the first commercially produced computers, the companys first customer was the US Navy. Sun helped cement the model of a workstation having an Ethernet interface as well as high-resolution graphics and the UNIX operating system. Millions of Apple IIs were sold between 1977 and 1993, making it one of the longest-lived lines of personal computers. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. The Altair 8800, produced by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) and invented by Ed Roberts, was originally sold as a kit. Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. The Nova was first to employ medium-scale integration (MSI) circuits from Fairchild Semiconductor, with subsequent models using large-scale integrated (LSI) circuits. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Instruction for which all students "meet" with the instructor by video at a designated time of day would be an example of this kind of distance course. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Despite using 98,304 PowerPC chips, Sequoia's relatively low power usage made it unusually efficient. It would serve as the model for several other significant multi-processor systems that would be among the fastest in the world. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . The Librascope division of defense contractor General Precision buys Frankels design, renaming it the LGP-30 in 1956. The machines system of connections and switches let processors broadcast information and requests for help to other processors in a simulation of brain-like associative recall. Which kind of software is required to edit a movie from filmed video footage? An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. Download now! Five times faster than its predecessor, the 8008, the Intel 8080 could address four times as many bytes for a total of 64 kilobytes. . OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Created almost five years after the original Apple II, Franklin's Ace 1000 main logic board is nearly identical to that in the Apple II+ computer, and other models were later cloned as well. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. One major advance in programming was Wilkes' use of a library of short programs, called subroutines, stored on punched paper tapes and used for performing common repetitive calculations within a lager program. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. The world's first scanned image was made on SEAC by engineer Russell Kirsch in 1957. Answer (1 of 14): There's a good argument that written mathematics or music is probably the first, a pre-specified structured set of instructions intended to transport and replicate a process. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Reduced instruction set computers (RISC) grow out of the observation that the simplest 20 percent of a computers instruction set does 80 percent of the work. A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. [1] Raspberry Pi, a popular modern-class microcomputer A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer having a central processing unit (CPU) made out of a microprocessor. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. H. Edward Roberts, the Florida-born former U.S. Air Force officer who headed MITS, decided to design a small, affordable computer around the Intel 8080. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Which of the following has research shown to be a benefit of online learning? (D) Most of those individuals and companies that could be expected to make up the potential market for the Regent microcomputer have already filled their microcomputer needs. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Only one month later, another one million Raspberry Pis were delivered. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. MOS 6502 ad from IEEE Computer, Sept. 1975. Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943.
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