Despite his father's absence, Josef is pleased to see 100 men gathered to perform the ritual with him. The two families face many challenges as they try to cross the Caribbean Sea to Florida. Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. Amidst the celebration of leaving, Josef is concerned about his father. They wash their hands and pray facing Mecca, praising God and reciting from the Qur'an. In 1938, his home is raided by Nazi storm troopers, and his father is taken to the Dachau concentration camp. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Also, there are parallels between the three stories, and at the end, all of the three stories are connected. This immediately places Josef in the role of an adult, forcing him to grow up quickly. Lito tells the story of the St. Louis and how he had to turn away so many refugees when he was a young policeman. (read more from the Pages 164 - 215 Summary) More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Refugee (Alan Gratz). Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. This section starts with Josefs perspective, somewhere on the Atlantic in 1939, 8 days from home (74). Instant PDF downloads. Josefs story starts with Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass in 1938. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1699 titles we cover. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: Already a member? Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 6 days, Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 8 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 10 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 11 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (3), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (1), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days, Isabel: The Straits of Florida 1994, 1 day (4), Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey 2015, 11 days (2), Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 17 days, Isabel: Straits of Florida 1994, 2 days, Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (1), Mahmoud: The Mediterranean 2015, 11 days (2), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 4 days, Mahmoud: Lesbos to Athens 2015, 12 days (3), Isabel: Between Bahamas and Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Mahmoud: Macedonia to Serbia 2015, 14-15 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (1), Mahmoud: Serbia to Hungary 2015, 15-16 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (2), Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (3), Josef: Vornay, France 1940, 1 year, 1 month, 10 days, Isabel: Coast of Florida 1994, 5 days (4), Mahmoud: Hungary to Germany 2015, 17 days. His experiences with oppression in Germany, and then as a refugee, cause him to grow up far sooner than he should have to. Want 100 or more? Six months later, Aaron tells his family in a letter that he has been released from the concentration camp Dachau by the Nazis on the condition that the family leave Germany immediately. Dont have an account? Josef's father grows anxious, and Josef fears the doctor will find his father mentally ill and turn the family away. Josef and his family flee Nazi Germany in 1938; Isabel and her family flee Cuba in 1994; and Mahmoud and his family flee Syria in 2015. Josef Landauis fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. Refine any search. Even amongst people who have lost everything, they still have empathy toward this man who showed the same courtesy to a fellow Jewish person. Josef Landau's story begins in 1938 in Nazi Germany. eNotes Editorial. This is an engaging tale. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! His only distinguishing characteristics are big ears and wire-rimmed glasses. Finally, storyboards are a great way to assess student understanding because they provide a visual representation of student learning. After Mahmouds home is destroyed, his brother Waleed, sister Hana, and his parents drive to the border of Turkey, hoping to escape. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Get news and updates about the stuff Alan writes! This compelling novel will help young people make sense of todays refugee crisis. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The interplay between water and vessel, then, marks the unpredictable nature of a refugees journey. Meant to be read, discussed, and shared widely. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. This heart-stopping novel is not only compelling it is necessary. In Isabels journey, Ivn is claimed by sharks, which symbolize the life-taking maw of the ocean. How does the. The Nazis labelling Aarons practice as a crime against the German people inherently detaches them from their own German culture. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. However, soon enough, Germany invades Poland, thus beginning World War II. Josef wonders what this means for (read more from the Pages 74 - 109 Summary). Refugee follows the stories of three different children and their families, each attempting to flee their violent homelands, in different regions of the world and during different decades. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. If Cuba does not let the refugees in, it signifies a return to a society that is more than willing to be unjust and cruel toward them. date the date you are citing the material. Josefs hope starts to waver following the discovery that the ship may not actually allow them to find a new life in Cuba. His 2017 novel Refugee has spent more than two years on the New York Times bestseller list, and is the winner of 14 state awards. On the sea, Mahmoud is marooned in the freezing Mediterranean, which ultimately capsizes his ramshackle raft. Josef Landau. The stories are set in different times and places and are told from the perspective of the refugee children. online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. While walking on the boat afterwards, a newly minted man, he overhears the stewards discussing how the ships engines are maxed out - in order to beat the other ships to Cuba. The passage of the two families is secured by Lito, who throws himself into the water to distract the US Coast Guard. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. However, because the number of people fleeing Cuba was enormous, the US government was extremely ambiguous about granting them asylum, placing the refugees in a very precarious position. Along with the Castillosincluding Isabels best friend, IvnIsabel; her father, Geraldo; and her pregnant mother, Teresa, leave Havana for Florida. date the date you are citing the material. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. In the end, these three stories are connected. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. After it capsizes, it is another boat that gives Hana a chance at life, and it is a Greek Coast Guard boat that ultimately rescues Mahmouds family. After a violent conflict between the rebels and the Syrian government, Mahmoud and his family walk to the Turkish border. Eliot Schrefer, two-time National Book Award finalist. Isabel trades her trumpet to a fisherman for gasoline, paying her familys way onto Ivns familys boat. For one, fiction enables the reader to inhabit history in a way that textbooks and newsprint cannot accommodate. "Refugee - Summary" eNotes Publishing Lito, Isabels grandfather, also joins them. The Nazis invade France in 1940, forcing the Landaus to go on the run once again. Isabel Fernandezis escaping Castro's Cuba in 1994. The hatred that Josef experiences on the tour only reminds him, and the readers, of the stakes of the trip. This summary should be accessible to high beginning or low intermediate ENL students. Summary Themes Questions & Answers Characters Analysis Refugee Themes T he main themes in Refugee are trauma and growing up, the dehumanization of refugees, and empathy and hope. According to Gratz, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad continues to wage war on his own people. on 50-99 accounts. The second is the date of TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. However, beneath the surface, the ride isnt as perfect as it looks, and Josef has to take the initiative several times. Instant PDF downloads. Chapter 1 Summary: "Josef: Berlin, Germany1938". What is the setting of "Games at Twilight" by Anita Desai? This is a fascinating tale. Isabels best friend and neighbor, Ivn, is building a small boat with his father so that his family can flee to America. For Aaron, it represents a metaphorical death, as he disappears into the water and subsequently out of Josefs life. Josef recites the blessing and after the ceremony everyone congratulates him. Isabel's story is like that of thousands of other Cuban immigrants who all fled Castro's Cuba. publication online or last modification online. They board the ship St. Louis, based on the actual ship that brought Jewish refugees to Cuba and then to the United States but was denied entry by both.That ship had to return the refugees to Europe, where they were split among four countries, and when those countries . The elderly woman Mahmoud meets is Ruth, Josefs younger sister. everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Refugee. The author can choose to leave the storyboard public or mark it as Unlisted. This Study Guide consists of approximately 70pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - However, one day Castro announces that he wont enforce staying in the country anymore, and Isabels family is ready to leave in a small boat their friends made. Refugee Alan Gratz Study Guide Summary Plot Overview Chapter Summaries Summary Chapter Summaries Josef / Berlin, Germany-1938 Josef Landau is a twelve-year-old boy living in Nazi Germany. And why do children lead the novels action? With the fall of the Soviet Union, aid to Cuba has dried up, and many families starve. The Nazis invade France just a few months after Josefs family arrives there. A large part of the novels narrative focuses on boats, which represent tenuous hope. eNotes.com, Inc. Refugee Characters. Usually, Im not interested in history, but I couldnt put this book down. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. This is a must read for anyone, especially people who like history. Gratzs stirring novel humanizes the plight of refugees worldwide. Mahmoud and his family travel through Serbia and into Hungary, where they are detained at a refugee camp that is built like a prison. The rest of the passengers grow angry. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Refugee is a heart-pounding adventure as well as an important book that shines a light on a too often invisible and politicized problem. It gives the reader an unflinching look at the humanity, courage, and struggle of refugees seeking safety and freedom. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. The third story belongs to thirteen-year-old Mahmoud Bishara, who lives in war-torn Aleppo, Syria, against the backdrop of a crisis which continues into the present day. Review: Refugee is a powerful novel about three very different children. A gripping, visceral, and hold-your-breath intense story of three young refugees. A passing, overcrowded boat cannot accommodate all of them, but at Mahmouds insistence, a woman onboard agrees to take Hana. Mahmoud hands his sister, Hana, to another passing raft of refugees, knowing that his mother cannot hold her and swim. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Things dont go as planned when a fight breaks out and the family has to leave their car and belongings behind. After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba has become inhospitable for most of its citizens under the regime of Fidel Castro. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. On their way to Switzerland, the Landaus unfortunately run into German soldiers. Chapter 13 Summary: "Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939" During the Atlantic crossing in 1939, Josef's bar mitzvah ceremony is about to take place. All three young people will go on harrowing journeys in search of refuge. Josef demonstrates his personal desire to grow up, but over the course of the novel he comes to recognize the value of being able to be a child. The family is eventually pulled from the water by the Greek Coast Guard. Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Finally, the Bisharas reach Germany, where they are offered a place to stay by a kind older Jewish woman. PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. eNotes.com Purchasing A biblical reference to Noahs ark as the sanctuary bridging creatures over troubled waters is implicit in the novels boat imagery. Her father is caught participating in the "Maleconazo" riot, during which citizens protested the government's civil rights abuses as well as the economic crisis that had plunged the nation into poverty. Josef's father is convinced there is a trap, so Josef and his mother go without him. Fast paced, insightful, filled with drama and tension. Isabel wakes up, still in the boat, now 3 days from home. Isabels boat, too, tips over, the sea claiming her familys food and water. Ed. The scale of the devastation in Syria is immense: Given its historical roots, why did Gratz write the novel as a work of fiction? What are some ways we can all help. He promises the passengers that he will try to deliver them to a country other than Germany. The boat the Castillos have cobbled together becomes the center of Isabels existence. His father refuses to leave the cabin, thinking the gathering is a Nazi trap. Full of struggle, heroism, and non-stop adventure, Refugee is not only an important book, its a terrific story. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? Summary Josef is still outside the Havana Harbor, 21 days from home. Yet instead of succumbing to the despair of these events, Josef and the rest of his family resolve to try to find a better life in a new country. Like everyone else during the Holocaust, he was scarred, both emotionally and physically. His father was put into a concentration camp during "The Night of Broken Glass," while Josef and his sister, Ruth watched their father being taken inhumanly. As the starving populace rioted against dictator Fidel Castros police, Castro allowed Cubans to flee to the United States, thus ending the riots in effect. You can view our. Alan Gratz is the bestselling author of a number of novels for young readers. Judy Blundell, National Book Award winning author of What I Saw and How I Lied. Mahmouds journey is punctuated by icy rain even when he is still on dry land, as in Turkey, where his family scrambles for a dry place to stay. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." When Josefs father is reunited with his family, they notice that Dachau has changed him: he is paranoid and very thin. After the war ended, Ruth returned to Germany to look for Josef and Rachel, but learned that the two were killed in concentration camps. Pam Muoz Ryan, author of Echo and Esperanza Rising. Thank you! Because of this, they all want to escape to a safer place. Aarons real crime, of course, is that he is a Jew, the minority group that Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler wants to eradicate. As Gratz observes in his author's note to the novel, the MS St. Louis was a real ship carrying . PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. publication in traditional print. With urgent, clear-eyed storytelling, Gratzs Refugee compellingly explores the desperation and strength that unites those struggling for a place to call home. Empathy and Social Responsibility. Forced to be an asylum-seeker himself, Lito finally understands the predicament of those on the ship.
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