It sometimes happens that an infiltration of population takes place either in the guise of unwilling slaves or of willing immigrants, who fill up waste places and take to the lowly tasks which the lords of the land despise, thus gradually occupying the country and literally breeding out their masters. According to the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, as of 2021, anthropologists know that no combination of physical traits can be used to reliably classify humans into racial groups because race represents social, not biological, categories. It may be taken as an absolute certainty that all the original races of man had dark eyes. It gave us, when mixed and invigorated with Nordic elements, the most splendid of all civilizations, that of ancient Hellas, and the most enduring of political organizations, the Roman State. If Grant's elite had predominated in North America, it is no exaggeration to say that the history of the 20th century would have been altogether different" - Richard Spencer, Alternative Right, National Policy Institute. Ripley examined correlations between geography and measurements of the human body, called anthropometric data. In contrast, what Galton called negative eugenics programs attempt to prevent the reproduction of people eugenicists judged to be, to use Grants terms, defective and worthless. The men who wrote the words, "we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal," were themselves the owners of slaves and despised Indians as something less than human. 4th rev. Yet, while Grant allowed Mediterraneans to have abilities in art, as quoted above, later in the text in a sop to Nordic Migration Theorists, he remarked that true Mediterranean achievements were only through admixture with Nordics: This is the race that gave the world the great civilizations of Egypt, of Crete, of Phoenicia including Carthage, of Etruria and of Mycenean Greece. The publisher marketed The Passing of the Great Race as a scientific book, but according to a review by Frederick Adams Woods, Grant intentionally wrote the book without any footnotes or in-text citations to make it more accessible and interesting to the public. Where two distinct species are located side by side history and biology teach that but one of two things can happen; either one race drives the other out, as the Americans exterminated the Indians and as the Negroes are now replacing the whites in various parts of the South; or else they amalgamate and form a population of race bastards in which the lower type ultimately preponderates. Man has the choice of two methods of race improvement. Anthropologist Franz Boas called The Passing of the Great Race a modern retelling of works by Joseph Arthur de Gobineau and Houston Stewart Chamberlain, even though Grant does not explicitly cite them. Heinrich Himmler's Lebensborn ("Fount of Life") Society was formed to preserve typical Nordic genes, such as blond hair and blue eyes, by sheltering blonde, blue-eyed women. According to Grants biographer Jonathan Spiro, Grants book synthesized a range of racist and pseudoscientific eugenics claims in prose that was accessible to the public. Sweden, after sending forth her Goths and other early Teutonic tribes, turned her attention to the shores of the eastern Baltic, colonized the coast of Finland and the Baltic provinces and supplied also a strong Scandinavian element to the aristocracy of Russia. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre.. Grant claims that when a person from a supposedly superior race reproduces with a person of a supposedly inferior race, the child is unequivocally a member of the inferior race. The impulse upward, however, is supplied by a very small number of nations and by a very small proportion of the population in such nations. While reading it, you should take into consideration the era of which it was written, for many of his points or examples are now obsolete. The coast of Finland is as a result Swedish and the natives of the interior have distinctly Nordic characters with the exception of the skull, which in its roundness shows an Alpine cross. "The Passing of The Great Race" became an immediate best seller, with new editions in 1918, 1920 and 1921, multiple printings and translations in German, French and Norwegian. Physical and psychical disharmonies are common among crosses between Indians, negroes and whites, but where the parents are more closely related racially we often obtain individuals occupying the border-land between genius and insanity. Such demands on energy, if long continued, would produce a strong, virile, and self-contained race which would inevitably overwhelm in battle nations whose weaker elements had not been purged by the conditions of an equally severe environment" (p.170). Grant expounds a theory of Nordic superiority, claiming that the "Nordic race" is inherently superior to other human "races". The defense presented The Passing of the Great Race as evidence to argue that many Nazi eugenics programs were inspired by policies in the US and therefore it was hypocritical for the US to try them for successfully enacting their own ideas. "Johnson, Albert." The effort now being made in America to settle undesirable immigrants on farms may, from the viewpoint of race replacement, be more dangerous than allowing them to remain in crowded Ghettos or tenements. Part two of the book, "European Races in History," attempts to demonstrate that history and human progress can be explained entirely in terms of race. Today, I'm asking you which racing circuit shouldn't have been closed. In a letter to Grant, Adolf Hitler wrote, "This book is my Bible," and he used large passages of it in his own "Mein Kampf.". Particularly striking about Grant is his lack of originalityhis skill at reproducing as his own the conventional wisdom of white supremacy. The Passing of the Great Race (1916) is his most famous work"[2]. Such a despot had an enormous power at his disposal which, if he were benevolent or even intelligent, could be used and most frequently was used for the general uplift of the race. Historically, topically, and geographically, Grant's magnum opus covers a vast amount of ground, broadly tracing the racial history of Europeans from prehistoric times to the present, with an emphasis on the need to preserve the northern European type and generally improve the racefor Grant was, logically, a proponent of eugenics. Under modern social conditions it would be extremely difficult in the first instance to determine which were the most desirable types, except in the most general way and even if a satisfactory selection were finally made, it would be in a democracy a virtual impossibility to limit by law the right to breed to a privileged and chosen few. [16] The book was also the earliest emergence of the white genocide conspiracy theory as The Passing of the Great Race specifically focuses on the "race suicide" of Nordics. "The Passing of the Great Race is one of the most prominent racially oriented books of all times, written by the most influencial American conservationist that ever lived. When individuals of perfect blond type occur, as sometimes in Greek islands, we may suspect a recent visit of sailors from a passing ship but when only single characters remain spread thinly, but widely, over considerable areas, like the blondness of the Atlas Berbers or of the Albanian mountaineers, we must search in the dim past for the origin of these blurred traits of early invaders. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Fear that new immigrants would negatively transform American society, -Catholic, Orthodox, Jewish -won't be fully loyal -threat to jobs -many are communists -blamed for slums + crime, the passing of the great race and more. According to Spiro, German anthropologists involved in the passage of the law were influenced by Grants advocacy for forced sterilizations that he put forth in his book. Outdated, full of Nordic Rassenkunde, but somehow appealing within its mythology. Emancipation. Moral, intellectual and spiritual attributes are as persistent as physical characters and are transmitted substantially unchanged from generation to generation. [14] In Europe, however, Nordic theory was adopted during the 1930s by the Nazis and others. Immigration during the First World War declined because ships were allocated to the war effort. They lack the instinct of self-preservation in a racial sense. Other messages in his work include recommendations to install civil organizations through the public health system to establish quasi-dictatorships in their particular fields with the administrative powers to segregate unfavorable races in ghettos. Search the history of over 797 billion Recent calculations indicate that there are about 90,000,000 of purely Nordic physical type in Europe out of a total population of 420,000,000. The individual himself can be nourished, educated and protected by the community during his lifetime, but the state through sterilization must see to it that his line stops with him, or else future generations will be cursed with an ever increasing load of misguided sentimentalism. The native Americans [American Nordics] are splendid raw material, but have as yet only an imperfectly developed national consciousness. In Rome, when this change in blood was substantially complete, the state could no longer be operated under Republican forms of government and the Empire arose to take its place. To utilize and adapt to human needs the forces and the raw materials of nature, to invent new processes, to establish new principles, and to elucidate and unravel the laws that control the universe call for genius. His desirable characteristics of a people "family life, loyalty, and truth" were claimed to be exclusive products of the "Nordic race". Philanthropy and noble purpose dictated the doctrine expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the document which to-day constitutes the actual basis of American institutions. They did not take their women with them. The boast of the modern Indian that he is of the same race as his English ruler is entirely without basis in fact and the little swarthy native lives amid the monuments of a departed grandeur, professing the religion and speaking the tongue of his long forgotten Nordic conquerors, without the slightest claim to blood kinship. We are now engaged in destroying the privilege of wealth; that is, the reward of successful intelligence and industry and in some quarters there is developing a tendency to attack the privilege of intellect and to deprive a man of the advantage gained from an early and thorough classical education. Grant viewed the immigration into the US of different groups as not beneficial. In the democratic forms of government the operation of universal suffrage tends toward the selection of the average man for public office rather than the man qualified by birth, education and integrity. The book is short and sweet, getting straight to the point without much complication. The book was translated into several European languages in its day. 354-360 The work was categorised by the publisher as "science" and so never had a chance at mass popularity. It is, therefore, the Homo europaeus, the white man par excellence. To imitate or to adopt what others have invented is not genius but mimicry. on the Internet. Generally well received at the time in both the popular and scholarly press and going through four editions and multiple reprints, Theodore Roosevelt described The Passing of the Great Race as 'a capital work'. As a result, Grant believes that democracies that average people run are less efficient than aristocracies ruled by men qualified by noble birth. Department of Sociology, University of South Florida. The first two chapters, "Introduction" and "Race and Democracy," criticize American democracy. The proposed eugenics programs Grant detailed in The Passing of the Great Race also influenced Hitler and the Nazi regime in Germany, who committed genocide in the name of eugenics. The Passing of the Great Race was mentioned during the 1945 and 1946 Nuremberg Trials held in Nuremberg, Germany, that prosecuted Nazi leadership for war crimes committed during World War II. [13], Grant advocated restricted immigration to the United States through limiting immigration from East Asia and Southern Europe; he also advocated efforts to purify the American population though selective breeding. The passing of the great race; or, The racial basis of European history. The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History is a 1916 racist and pseudoscientific [1] [2] book by American lawyer, self-styled anthropologist, and proponent of eugenics, Madison Grant (1865-1937). Of course, after reading this, it was hard to really take anything he had to say seriously. Holocaust Encyclopedia. ", Gidley, M. "Notes on F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Passing of the Great Race. Aboriginal population Acting as an expert on world racial data, Grant also provided statistics for the Immigration Act of 1924 to set the quotas on immigrants from certain European countries. He advocates for a significant expansion of laws that condemn the marriage of people of different races, and even goes so far as to argue that the birth of mixed-race people should be considered racial crimes. It is well-nigh impossible to publish in the American newspapers any reflection upon certain religions or races which are hysterically sensitive even when mentioned by name. Francis Galton, the half-cousin of the naturalist Charles Darwin, first coined the term eugenics, Greek for "well-born," in 1883. His most renowned work, The Passing of the Great Race: or the Racial Basis of European History (1916), argued for the preservation of America as a 'civilization preserve' for the Nordic race, advocating for immigration only from the founding stock of Anglo-Saxons and other Nordics from north-western Europe. This light colored eye has appeared nowhere else on earth, is a specialization of this subspecies of man only and consequently is of extreme value in the classification of European races. The moral tendency of the heredity interpretation of history is for our day and generation and is in strong accord with the true spirit of the modern eugenics movement in relation to patriotism, namely, the conservation and multiplication for our country of the best spiritual, moral, intellectual and physical forces of heredity; thus only will the integrity of our institutions be maintained in the future. I do recommend looking into modern day research on this topic. Abroad, conditions are fully as bad, and we have the authority of one of the most eminent anthropologists in France that the collection of anthropological measurements and data among French recruits at the outbreak of the Great War was prevented by Jewish influence, which aimed to suppress any suggestion of racial differentiation in France. An acutely prophetic "no more brother wars" book, published in 1916. Simplified spelling is a step in this direction. In part one, "Race, Language, and Nationality," Grant argues that democratic institutions that state that all humans are equal are dangerous. Historically, topically, and geographically, Grant's magnum opus covers a vast amount of ground, broadly tracing the racial basis of European history, emphasising the need . Both of these races are, therefore, western extensions of Asiatic subspecies and neither of them can be considered as exclusively European. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. Furthermore, the AAPA stresses genetic differences among humans are not fixed along racial lines in a way that would justify classifying humans into different biological groups. An individual of inferior type or race may profit greatly by good environment. The message was anti-democratic and anti-Christian, which did not sit well with the patriotic public. "The passing of the great race; or, The racial basis of European history" by Madison Grant. He can breed from the best or he can eliminate the worst by segregation or sterilization. We Americans must realize that the altruistic ideals which have controlled our social development during the past century and the maudlin sentimentalism that has made America "an asylum for the oppressed," are sweeping the nation toward a racial abyss. In the French Revolution the majority, calling itself "the people," deliberately endeavored to destroy the higher type and something of the same sort was in a measure done after the American Revolution by the expulsion of the Loyalists and the confiscation of their lands, with a resultant loss to the growing nation of good race strains, which were in the next century replaced by immigrants of far lower type. Grant's book and the genre in general were read in Germany, but eugenicists increasingly turned to Nazi Germany for leadership. 2016 marks a century since the publication ofThe Passing of the Great Race, a book described by the late paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould as the most influential tract of American scientific racism. Its author, Madison Grant, a genteel dabbler with impeccable establishment ties, was a pure and unabashed bigot, a patrician who defended social inequality as the outcome of biological fact. The seventh through eleventh chapters detail the origins and expansion of the Nordics. It may be latent through several generations of obscurity and then flare up when the opportunity comes. Slaves began to be imported into Italy in numbers in the second century B. C. to work the large plantations - latifundia - of the wealthy Romans. Woods dismissed the unfavorable reviews as likely written by non-Nordic authors who were angry that Grant called them inferior. It is scarcely necessary to cite the universal distrust, often contempt, that the half-breed between two sharply contrasted races inspires the world over. My favorite personally is his cover for the 2012 edition of Madison Grant's The Passing of The Great Race, with a foreword by none other than Jared Taylor, with his name printed on the front cover. Deep seated Castilian traditions associate aristocracy with blondness and the sangre azul, or blue blood of Spain, probably refers to the blue eye of the Goth, whose traditional claim to lordship is also shown in the Spanish name for gentleman, "hidalgo," said to mean "the son of the Goth." Publication date 1917 Topics C-DAC Collection digitallibraryindia; JaiGyan Language English. Whenever we find blondness among the darker races of the earth we may be sure some Nordic wanderer has passed that way. Nordic theory, however, further subdivided Caucasoids into three groups: Nordics (who inhabited Scandinavia, northern Germany, Austria-Hungary, parts of England, Scotland and Ireland, Holland, Flanders, parts of northern France, parts of Russia and northern Poland, and parts of Central Europe), Alpines (whose territory stretched from central Europe, parts of northern Italy, southern Poland to the Balkans/Southeastern Europe, central/southern Russia, Turkey and even into Central Asia), and Mediterraneans ("substantial part of the population of the British Isles, the great bulk of the population of the Iberian Peninsula, nearly one-third of the population of France, Liguria, Italy south of the Apennines and all the Mediterranean coasts and islands, in some of which like Sardinia it exists in great purity. And, secondly, great care has been placed on producing an aesthetically appealing volume, graphically and typographically, as befits a classic text ultimately arguing for quality rather than equality. History. To admit the unchangeable differentiation of race in its modern scientific meaning is to admit inevitably the existence of superiority in one race and of inferiority in another. Kurtagi published his art on many volumes of far-right books. Grant argued that negative eugenics was a more practical course of action to pursue in the US because he believed it would be much easier to identify and eradicate the people with the worst genetics than to select a group of people with the best genetics, and restrict the right to have children only to them. He was also a member of two anti-immigration lobbying groups, the American Defense Society and the Immigration Restriction League. The result would be the submergence of the indigenous Nordic races under a corrupt and enfeebled system dominated by inferior races. I was interested to note the first publish date was 1917 and the book I was reading was reprinted in 1970. Be the first to write a review. [Nordic] race is long skulled, very tall, fair skinned with blond or brown hair and light colored eyes. The Nordics inhabit the countries around the North and Baltic Seas and include not only the great Scandinavian and Teutonic groups, but also other early peoples who first appear in southern Europe and in Asia as representatives of Aryan language and culture. The Passing of the Great Race: Or, The Racial Basis of European History is a 1916 racist and pseudoscientific[1][2] book by American lawyer, self-styled anthropologist, and proponent of eugenics, Madison Grant (18651937). This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. Women in all human races, as the females among all mammals, tend to exhibit the older, more generalized and primitive traits of the past of the race. The US Supreme Court did not overturn such laws, called anti-miscegenation laws, until the 1967 Loving v. Virginia case. DescriptionPassing of the Great Race - Map 4.jpg "Present Distribution of the European Races", map from American eugenicist Madison Grant's1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race. In the Europe of to-day the amount of Nordic blood in each nation is a very fair measure of its strength in war and standing in civilization. [8], By 1937, the book sold 17,000 copies in the U.S. Here we have a selected list of quotes and excerpts that should serve as a nice summary for the entire book. When the Nazi regime took control of Germany in 1933, Germany passed the Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Diseases, which permitted the Nazi Regime to sterilize an estimated 400,000 people against their will according to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. He also doesn't like universal suffrage, socialists, labor unions, or Jews, none of which were a surprise given that, you know, he's a racist asshole. Published by Good Press. How this scheme of administration will ultimately work out remains to be seen but from a racial point of view it will inevitably increase the preponderance of the lower types and cause a corresponding loss of efficiency in the community as a whole. The Nordic, in his hypothesis, was "Homo europaeus, the white man par excellence. Even those rulers who most abused this power put down with merciless rigor the antisocial elements, such as pirates, brigands or anarchists, which impair the progress of a community, as disease or wounds cripple an individual. This, however, is at present a counsel of perfection and we must face conditions as they are. The first edition, published in 1916, included a preface authored by Osborn, the president of the American Museum of Natural History at the time. xxviii "The Passing of the Great Race," in its original form, was designed by the author to rouse his fellow-Americans to the overwhelming importance of race and to the folly of the "Melting Pot" theory, even at the expense of bitter controversy. The Fhrer himself raved aboutThe Passing, calling it my Bible, and it was entered into evidence at the Nuremberg war crimes trials in defense of Hitlers personal physician to show that specifically American theories of white racial superiority supported the crimes against humanity with which he was chargedforced sterilization, for instance, or unnecessary and experimental surgery performed without anesthesia. Some navigated below the depths, while others floated. After the US Supreme Court upheld sterilization laws as constitutional in the 1927 case Buck v. Bell, thirty states passed similar laws, leading to as many as 70,000 forced sterilizations that disproportionately affected poor women of color according to journalist and lawyer Adam Cohen. One of the curious effects of democracy is the unquestionable fact that there is less freedom of the press than under autocratic forms of government. This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 11:35. The Passing of the Great Race: The Racial Basis of European History (With Original 1916 Illustrations in Full Color) Published September 10th 2019 by Suzeteo Enterprises. [15], The book continued to influence the white supremacist movement in the United States in the early 21st century. According to Grant, Nordics were in a dire state in the modern world, where after their abandonment of cultural values rooted in religious or superstitious proto-racialism, they were close to committing "race suicide" by miscegenation and being outbred by inferior stock, which was taking advantage of the transition. Below is the story of Ellen and William Craft, a married couple who escaped . read about 54 pages for class to analyze Eugenics movement; do not think I could read any more of this A concise, but antiquated overview of European physical anthropology. [12] Versions of their debates on the relative influence of biological and social factors persist in contemporary anthropology. The Passing of the Great Race helped legitimize concepts of biological race and encouraged scientific racism in the US. Stephen Jay Gould described The Passing of the Great Race as " the most influential tract of American scientific racism "[11], Grant was involved in many debates on the discipline of anthropology against the anthropologist Franz Boas, who advocated cultural anthropology in contrast to Grant's "hereditarian" branch of physical anthropology. In Grant's view, Nordics probably evolved in a climate which "must have been such as to impose a rigid elimination of defectives through the agency of hard winters and the necessity of industry and foresight in providing the year's food, clothing, and shelter during the short summer. The fourth through sixth chapters draw freely from Ripley to describe the purported characteristics and geographic distribution of the Alpine, Mediterranean, and Nordic races. Date 1916 1916) (25 January 2006 (according to Exifdata)) Source "Reviewed Work(s): The Passing of the Great Race or the Racial Basis of European History by Madison Grant. Madison Grants Passing of the Great Race is a must read for anyone wishing to learn about 20th century racialism. Both divided mankind into primarily three distinct races: Caucasoids (based in Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia), Negroids (based in Sub-Saharan Africa), and Mongoloids (based in Central and Eastern Asia). European history has been written in terms of nationality and of language, but never before in terms of race; yet race has played a far larger part than either language or nationality in moulding the destinies of men; race implies heredity and heredity implies all the moral, social and intellectual characteristics and traits which are the springs of politics and government. The fact that this sort of pseudoscience still informs some peoples opinions today is pathetic. "A Review of Reviews: Of Madison Grants Passing of the Great Race. The salvation of humanity will then lie in the chance survival of some sane barbarians who may retain the basic truth that inequality and not equality is the law of nature. The essential character of all these racial mixtures is a lack of harmony - both physical and mental - in the first few generations. The Passing of the Great Race: Or, the Racial Basis of European History. In contrast, Grant claims that Nordics are superior soldiers, sailors, and explorers, but above all, they are skillful leaders. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. Although fundamentally flawed - very refreshing! Hereditarianism ran counter to the belief in education, hard work, and "pulling oneself up by one's bootstraps.". The Passing of the Great Race is an article from Geographical Review, Volume 2. ", Woods, Frederick Adams. Winston, Andrew S. "The Passing of the Great Race" in, Woods, Frederick Adams. A fantastically "just-so" book: things are ordered exactly as Grant wishes them to be, he just makes up whatever conditions he needs to knit things together. A supposedly scientific look at race by a man who otherwise did some great conversation work, helping to establish national parks, etc. Grant, while aware of the "Nordic Migration Theory" into the Mediterranean, appears to reject this theory as an explanation for the high civilization features of the Greco-Roman world. According to Grant, democratic ideals wrongly assume that environmental factors such as education affect human development and achievement rather than heredity. purports to show that the consequence of this subversion was evident in the decreasing quality of life, lower birth rates, and corruption of the contemporary American society. ed. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. The new population understood little and cared less for the institutions of the ancient Republic but they were jealous of their own rights of "Bread and the Circus" - "panem et circenses" - and there began to appear in place of the old Roman religion the mystic rites of Eastern countries so welcome to the plebeian and uneducated soul.
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